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Salmonella  is considered to be one of the main pathogens causing human gastroenteritis worldwide. Looking for  Salmonella  in Africa in patients suffering from gastroenteritis is rather unusual, and the use of antibiotics is not subject to any regulation. This study intends for stressing the possible prominent importance of  Salmonella  in digestive diseases in Africa as well as identifying antimicrobial resistance of  Salmonella  isolates from faeces samples of human origin. All samples were collected from five N’Djamena hospitals, from patients suffering from diarrhoea. The collecting was undertaken over two periods of six months each: from August 2010 to January 2011 and from September 2011 to February 2012.  Salmonella  isolates were obtained by standard cultivation and serotyping methods. A total of 43  Salmonella  isolates were identified, belonging to 21 different serovars. The most prevalent serovar was  Salmonella  Stanleyville (n = 7), followed by  S . Anatum (n = 4) and  S . Kottbus (n = 3). The other serovars were under-represented. The majority of these isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested (CLSI Standards), except two  S . Enteritidis isolates that exhibited resistance to fluoroquinolones. The different serovars and antibiotic resistance profiles that were observed highlight the substantial diversity of  Salmonella  in N’Djamena, Chad. Roughly, one out of ten patients who consulted for gastroenteritis was shedding  Salmonella  spp. and none of them would have been diagnosed outside the context of this research program. This study may encourage local clinicians to explore more often salmonellosis suspicion in their daily practice.

Are Salmonella-Induced Gastroenteritis Neglected in Developing Countries? Feedback from Microbiological Investigations in N’Djamena Hospitals, Chad