English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Previous studies showed that  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Candida albicans  interact synergistically in dual species biofilms resulting in enhanced mortality in animal models.    Methodology/Principal Findings  The aim of the current study was to test possible candidate molecules which might mediate this synergistic interaction in an  in vitro  model of mixed biofilms, such as farnesol, tyrosol and prostaglandin (PG) E 2 . In mono-microbial and dual biofilms of  C . albicans  wild type strains PGE 2  levels between 25 and 250 pg/mL were measured. Similar concentrations of purified PGE 2  significantly enhanced  S . aureus  biofilm formation in a mode comparable to that observed in dual species biofilms. Supernatants of the null mutant deficient in PGE 2  production did not stimulate the proliferation of  S . aureus  and the addition of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin blocked the  S . aureus  biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally,  S .  aureus  biofilm formation was boosted by low and inhibited by high farnesol concentrations. Supernatants of the farnesol-deficient  C .  albicans  ATCC10231 strain significantly enhanced the biofilm formation of  S .  aureus  but at a lower level than the farnesol producer SC5314. However,  C .  albicans  ATCC10231 also produced PGE 2  but amounts were significantly lower compared to SC5314.    Conclusion/Significance  In conclision, we identified  C .  albicans  PGE 2  as a key molecule stimulating the growth and biofilm formation of  S .  aureus  in dual  S .  aureus/C .  albicans  biofilms, although  C .  albicans  derived farnesol, but not tyrosol, may also contribute to this effect but to a lesser extent.

Prostaglandin E2 from Candida albicans Stimulates the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Mixed Biofilms