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Located on the Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang Province, China, the Ji’erzankale Necropolis dates back to 2500 yr BP. Many materials that have been unearthed in this cemetery, including shoo konghou (musical instrument), bronze mirrors and glass beads, suggest cultural transference between East and West. Furthermore, small-sized and rounded fire altars made from sweet-scented  Sabina  were found for the first time and regarded as implements for fire veneration. We identified 70 wooden objects from 25 tombs within the Necropolis, and found that each object had been made from one of seven tree species. Analysis revealed that the inhabitants of the region mainly used the most widely available types of wood, namely  Betula  and  Populus . People also specifically chose inflammable  Populus  wood to make hearth boards and hand drills (both are used for making fire by drilling), rigid  Betula  wood to craft wooden plates.  Salix  was used for fashioning wooden sticks, while sweet-scented  Sabina  was the preferred choice for making fire altars.  Lonicera  was selected for arrow shaft manufacture and  Fraxinus syriaca , which has a beautiful grain, was chosen for making musical instruments. Conscious selection of different types of wood indicates that people of the Pamir Plateau were aware of the properties of various types of timbers, and were able to exploit these properties to the full. In turn, this demonstrates their wisdom and their ability to survive in, and adapt to, their local environment.

Wood Usage and Fire Veneration in the Pamir, Xinjiang, 2500 yr BP