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The Western clawed frog,  Xenopus tropicalis , is a highly promising model amphibian, especially in developmental and physiological research, and as a tool for understanding disease. It was originally found in the West African rainforest belt, and was introduced to the research community in the 1990s. The major strains thus far known include the  Nigerian  and  Ivory Coast  strains. However, due to its short history as an experimental animal, the genetic relationship among the various strains has not yet been clarified, and establishment of inbred strains has not yet been achieved. Since 2003 the Institute for Amphibian Biology (IAB), Hiroshima University has maintained stocks of multiple  X .  tropicalis  strains and conducted consecutive breeding as part of the National BioResource Project. In the present study we investigated the inbreeding ratio and genetic relationship of four inbred strains at IAB, as well as stocks from other institutions, using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and mitochondrial haplotypes. Our results show successive reduction of heterozygosity in the genome of the IAB inbred strains. The  Ivory Coast  strains clearly differed from the  Nigerian  strains genetically, and three subgroups were identified within both the  Nigerian  and  Ivory Coast  strains. It is noteworthy that the  Ivory Coast  strains have an evolutionary divergent genetic background. Our results serve as a guide for the most effective use of  X .  tropicalis  strains, and the long-term maintenance of multiple strains will contribute to further research efforts.

Inbreeding Ratio and Genetic Relationships among Strains of the Western Clawed Frog, Xenopus tropicalis