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Background  Our study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) to monitor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF 165 ) expression in vivo.    Methods  We constructed a recombinant lentivirus plasmid with the MLC-2v promoter driving the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) reporter gene linked to the VEGF 165  gene. Expression of NIS and VEGF gene were identified by Western blot. On days 2 and 54,  99m Tc-MIBI imaging was used to evaluate changes in myocardial ischemia. Noninvasive  125 I micro-SPECT/CT imaging was used to assess the expression of NIS reporter gene dynamically over the next 2 months.    Results  Western blot analysis showed that both NIS and VEGF 165  were highly expressed in rat cardiomyoblast H9C2 cells transduced with Lenti-MLC-2v-NIS--VEGF 165 .  125 I micro-SPECT/CT reporter imaging showed higher uptake in mouse myocardium transduced with Lenti-MLC-2v-VEGF 165 -IRES-NIS. NIS expression peaked on day 1 after transduction followed by a progressive decline to negligible levels by day 21. On day 1, mean  125 I activity value in group 1 was higher than that in group 2 ( P <0.05). The mean  125 I activity value in group 3 was statically lower than that in group 1 and 2 ( P <0.01). On day 60,  125 I uptakes in test and positive control groups became very low, and no significant differences in the mean  125 I activity values were detected between group 1 and group 2 ( P  = 0.531 > 0.05). In group 1 (test group),  99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT revealed improvements in perfusion and wall thickening in the apical anterior wall. Mean IOD values of NIS and CD 34  were significantly higher in group 1 than group 3 ( P <0.05). Our study proved mean I-125 uptake was significantly correlated with mean IOD value of NIS and CD34 ( P <0.05).    Conclusion  This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the NIS gene to monitor VEGF 165  expression in a mouse myocardial ischemia model.

Molecular In Vivo Imaging Using a Noninvasive Cardiac-Specific MLC-2v Promoter Driven Dual-Gene Recombinant Lentivirus Monitoring System