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The description, identification and classification of organisms are the pillar in biodiversity and evolutionary studies. The fungal-like organism  Saprolegnia  contains important animal pathogens. However, its taxonomy is weak, making it difficult to perform further studies. This problem mainly arises from the unavailability of suitable holotypes. We propose a standardized protocol for describing  Saprolegnia  spp. that includes good cultural practices and proper holotype preservation. In order to illustrate this new proposal, we describe two species,  Saprolegnia aenigmatica  sp. nov. and  Saprolegnia racemosa  sp. nov., based on the recently described molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), phylogenetic relationships, and the analyses of morphological features. We show that they belong to two different MOTUs that are grouped into two sister clades. Morphologically, we find that  S .  racemosa  exhibits a species-specific character,  i . e ., aggrupation of oogonia in racemes, while  S .  aenigmatica  does not have any specific characters. Analyses of a combined set of characters,  i . e ., length and breadth of sporangia, length/breadth ratio (l/b) of oogonia, cyst and oospore diameter, and the number of oospores per oogomium, allow distinguishing these two species. To improve  Saprolegnia  taxonomy, we propose to incorporate into the protologue: (i) several isolates of the new species; (ii) the rDNA sequences to compare them to data-bases of  Saprolegnia  sequences of reference; (iii) a phylogenetic analysis to check relationships with other species; (iv) to preserve holotypes in absolute ethanol and to include lyophilized material from holotype; and (v) the  ex-type  as a pure culture from single-spore isolates stored in at least two different collections.

plos one

A Comprehensive Protocol for Improving the Description of Saprolegniales (Oomycota): Two Practical Examples (Saprolegnia aenigmatica sp. nov. and Saprolegnia racemosa sp. nov.)