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Purpose  To report the incidence of and risk factors for mastoiditis after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).    Patients and Methods  Retrospective analysis of pretreatment and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for 451 patients with NPC treated with IMRT at a single institution. The diagnosis of mastoiditis was based on MRI; otomastoid opacification was rated as Grade 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate) or 3 (severe) by radiologists blinded to clinical outcome. This study mainly focused on severe mastoiditis; patients were divided into three groups: the G0M (Grade 0 mastoiditis before treatment) group, G1-2M (Grade 1 to 2 mastoiditis before treatment) group and G3M (Grade 3 mastoiditis before treatment) group. The software SAS9.3 program was used to analyze the data.    Results  For the entire cohort, the incidence of Grade 3 mastoiditis was 20% before treatment and 31%, 19% and 17% at 3, 12 and 24 months after radiotherapy, respectively. In the G0M group, the incidence of severe mastoiditis was 0% before treatment and 23%, 15% and 13% at 3, 12 and 24 months after radiotherapy, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed T category ( OR =0.68, 95%  CI  = 0.469 to 0.984), time ( OR =0.668, 95%  CI  = 0.59 to 0.757) and chemotherapy ( OR =0.598, 95%  CI  = 0.343 to 0.934) were independent factors associated with severe mastoiditis in the G0M group after treatment.    Conclusions  Mastoiditis, as diagnosed by MRI, occurs as a progressive process that regresses and resolves over time in patients with NPC treated using IMRT.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Mastoiditis after Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma