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Drak2 is a serine/threonine kinase expressed highest in T cells and B cells.  Drak2 -/-   mice are resistant to autoimmunity in mouse models of type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Resistance to these diseases occurs, in part, because Drak2 is required for the survival of autoreactive T cells that induce disease. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Drak2 affects T cell survival and autoimmunity are not known. A recent report demonstrated that Drak2 negatively regulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in tumor cell lines. Thus, increased TGF-β signaling in the absence of  Drak2  may contribute to the resistance to autoimmunity in  Drak2 -/-   mice. Therefore, we examined if Drak2 functioned as a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling in T cells, and whether the enhanced susceptibility to death of  Drak2 -/-   T cells was due to augmented TGF-β signaling. Using several  in vitro  assays to test TGF-β signaling and T cell function, we found that activation of Smad2 and Smad3, which are downstream of the TGF-β receptor, was similar between wildtype and  Drak2 -/-   T cells. Furthermore, TGF-β-mediated effects on naïve T cell proliferation, activated CD8 +  T cell survival, and regulatory T cell induction was similar between wildtype and  Drak2 -/-   T cells. Finally, the increased susceptibility to death in the absence of  Drak2  was not due to enhanced TGF-β signaling. Together, these data suggest that Drak2 does not function as a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling in primary T cells stimulated  in vitro . It is important to investigate and discern potential molecular mechanisms by which Drak2 functions in order to better understand the etiology of autoimmune diseases, as well as to validate the use of Drak2 as a target for therapeutic treatment of these diseases.

Drak2 Does Not Regulate TGF-β Signaling in T Cells