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The fastidious nature of the foodborne bacterial pathogen  Campylobacter jejuni  contrasts with its ability to survive in the food chain. The formation of biofilms, or the integration into existing biofilms by  C .  jejuni , is thought to contribute to food chain survival. As extracellular DNA (eDNA) has previously been proposed to play a role in  C .  jejuni  biofilms, we have investigated the role of extracellular DNases (eDNases) produced by  C .  jejuni  in biofilm formation. A search of 2791  C .  jejuni  genomes highlighted that almost half of  C .  jejuni  genomes contains at least one eDNase gene, but only a minority of isolates contains two or three of these eDNase genes, such as  C .  jejuni  strain RM1221 which contains the  cje0256 ,  cje0566  and  cje1441  eDNase genes. Strain RM1221 did not form biofilms, whereas the eDNase-negative strains NCTC 11168 and 81116 did. Incubation of pre-formed biofilms of NCTC 11168 with live  C .  jejuni  RM1221 or with spent medium from a RM1221 culture resulted in removal of the biofilm. Inactivation of the  cje1441  eDNase gene in strain RM1221 restored biofilm formation, and made the mutant unable to degrade biofilms of strain NCTC 11168. Finally,  C .  jejuni  strain RM1221 was able to degrade genomic DNA from  C .  jejuni  NCTC 11168, 81116 and RM1221, whereas strain NCTC 11168 and the RM1221  cje1441  mutant were unable to do so. This was mirrored by an absence of eDNA in overnight cultures of  C .  jejuni  RM1221. This suggests that the activity of eDNases in  C .  jejuni  affects biofilm formation and is not conducive to a biofilm lifestyle. These eDNases do however have a potential role in controlling biofilm formation by  C .  jejuni  strains in food chain relevant environments.

Prevention of Biofilm Formation and Removal of Existing Biofilms by Extracellular DNases of Campylobacter jejuni