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To understand how small mammals cope with the challenge of water homeostasis is a matter of interest for ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Here we take a step towards the understanding of the transcriptomic functional response of kidney using as a model the long–haired mouse ( Abrothrix hirta ) a species that distributes across Patagonian steppes and Austral temperate rainforests in Argentina and Chile. Specifically, we i) characterize the renal transcriptome of  A .  hirta , and ii) compare it with that—already available—of the co-generic and co-distributed  A .  olivacea . Renal mRNA transcripts from 16 specimens of  A .  hirta  from natural populations were analyzed. Over 500 million Illumina paired-end reads were assembled  de novo  under two approaches, an individual assembly for each specimen, and a single  in-silico  normalized joint assembly including all reads from all specimens. The total number of annotated genes was similar with both strategies: an average of 14,956 in individual assemblies and 14,410 in the joint assembly. Overall, 15,463 distinct genes express in the kidney of  A .  hirta . Transcriptomes of  A .  hirta  and  A .  olivacea  were similar in terms of gene abundance and composition: 95.6% of the genes of  A .  hirta  were also found in  A .  olivacea  making their functional profiles also similar. However, differences in the transcriptome of these two species were observed in the set of highly expressed genes, in terms of private genes for each species and the functional profiles of highly expressed genes. As part of the novel transcriptome characterization, we provide distinct gene lists with their functional annotation that would constitute the basis for further research on these or any other species of the subfamily Sigmodontinae, which includes about 400 living species distributed from Tierra del Fuego to southern United States.

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Characterization of the Kidney Transcriptome of the Long-Haired Mouse Abrothrix hirta (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) and Comparison with That of the Olive Mouse A. olivacea