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The biofilm matrix of the rhizospheric bacterium  Pseudomonas putida  consists mainly of a proteinaceous component. The two largest  P. putida  proteins, adhesins LapA and LapF, are involved in biofilm development but prevail in different developmental stages of the biofilm matrix. LapA is abundant in the initial stage of biofilm formation whereas LapF is found in the mature biofilm. Although the transcriptional regulation of the adhesins is not exhaustively studied, some factors that can be involved in their regulation have been described. For example, RpoS, the major stress response sigma factor, activates, and Fis represses LapF expression. This study focused on the LapF expression control by Fis. Indeed, using DNase I footprint analysis a Fis binding site Fis-F2 was located 150 bp upstream of the  lapF  gene coding sequence. The mapped 5′ end of the  lapF  mRNA localized the promoter to the same region, overlapping with the Fis binding site Fis-F2. Monitoring the  lapF  promoter activity by a β-galactosidase assay revealed that Fis overexpression causes a 4-fold decrease in the transcriptional activity. Furthermore, mutations that diminished Fis binding to the Fis-F2 site abolished the repression of the  lapF  promoter. Thus, these data suggest that Fis is involved in the biofilm regulation via repression of LapF expression.

Pseudomonas putida Fis Binds to the lapF Promoter In Vitro and Represses the Expression of LapF