English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The cyclostomes (jawless vertebrates), comprising lampreys and hagfishes, are the sister group of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and are hence an important group for the study of vertebrate evolution. In mammals, three  Runx  genes,  Runx1 ,  Runx2  and  Runx3 , encode transcription factors that are essential for cell proliferation and differentiation in major developmental pathways such as haematopoiesis, skeletogenesis and neurogenesis and are frequently associated with diseases. We describe here the characterization of  Runx  gene family members from a cyclostome, the Japanese lamprey ( Lethenteron japonicum ). The Japanese lamprey contains three  Runx  genes,  RunxA ,  RunxB , and  RunxC . However, phylogenetic and synteny analyses suggest that they are not one-to-one orthologs of gnathostome  Runx1 ,  Runx2  and  Runx3 . The major protein domains and motifs found in gnathostome Runx proteins are highly conserved in the lamprey Runx proteins. Although all gnathostome  Runx  genes each contain two alternative promoters, P1 (distal) and P2 (proximal), only lamprey  RunxB  possesses the alternative promoters; lamprey  RunxA  and  RunxC  contain only P2 and P1 promoter, respectively. Furthermore, the three lamprey  Runx  genes give rise to fewer alternative isoforms than the three gnathostome  Runx  genes. The promoters of the lamprey  Runx  genes lack the tandem Runx-binding motifs that are highly conserved among the P1 promoters of gnathostome  Runx1 ,  Runx2  and  Runx3  genes; instead these promoters contain dispersed single Runx-binding motifs. The 3′UTR of lamprey  RunxB  contains binding sites for miR-27 and miR-130b/301ab, which are conserved in mammalian  Runx1  and  Runx3 , respectively. Overall, the  Runx  genes in lamprey seem to have experienced a different evolutionary trajectory from that of gnathostome  Runx  genes which are highly conserved all the way from cartilaginous fishes to mammals.

Characterization of the Runx Gene Family in a Jawless Vertebrate, the Japanese Lamprey (Lethenteron japonicum)