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Clock gene expression was associated with different components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in human adipose tissue. However, no study has been done to compare the expression of clock genes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from lean and obese subjects and its clinical implications. Therefore, we studied in lean and obese women the endogenous 24 h expression of clock genes in isolated adipocytes and its association with MS components. VAT was obtained from lean (BMI 21–25 kg/m 2 ; n = 21) and morbidly obese women (BMI >40 kg/m 2 ; n = 28). The 24 h pattern of clock genes was analyzed every 6 hours using RT-PCR. Correlation of clinical data was studied by Spearman analysis. The 24 h pattern of clock genes showed that obesity alters the expression of  CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, CRY2  and  REV-ERB ALPHA  in adipocytes with changes found in  CRY2  and  REV-ERB ALPHA  throughout the 24 h period. The same results were confirmed in VAT and stromal cells (SC) showing an upregulation of  CRY2  and  REV-ERB ALPHA  from obese women. A positive correlation was observed for  REV-ERB ALPHA  gene expression with BMI and waist circumference in the obese population. Expression of  ROR ALPHA  was correlated with HDL levels and  CLOCK  with LDL. Obese subjects with MS exhibited positive correlation in the  PER2  gene with LDL cholesterol, whereas  REV-ERB ALPHA  was correlated with waist circumference. We identified  CRY2  and  REV-ERB ALPHA  as the clock genes upregulated in obesity during the 24 h period and that  REV-ERB ALPHA  is an important gene associated with MS.

Altered Clock Gene Expression in Obese Visceral Adipose Tissue Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome