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Background and Objective  The immune and infectious alterations occurring in periodontitis have been shown to alter the development and severity of cardiovascular disease. One of these relationships is the translocation of oral bacteria to atheroma plaques, thereby promoting plaque development. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess, by 16s cloning and sequencing, the microbial diversity of the subgingival environment and atheroma plaques of patients concomitantly suffering from periodontitis and obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis (OCAA).    Methods  Subgingival biofilm and coronary balloons used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were collected from 18 subjects presenting with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis and OCAA. DNA was extracted and the gene 16S was amplified, cloned and sequenced.    Results  Significant differences in microbial diversity were observed between both environments. While subgingival samples mostly contained the phylum  Firmicutes , in coronary balloons,  Proteobacteria  (p<0.05) was predominant. In addition, the most commonly detected genera in coronary balloons were  Acinetobacter, Alloprevotella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Sphingomonas  and  Moraxella , while in subgingival samples  Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Veillonella, Aggregatibacter  and  Treponema  (p<0.05) were found. Interestingly, 17 identical phylotypes were found in atheroma and subgingival samples, indicating possible bacterial translocation between periodontal pockets and coronary arteries.    Conclusion  Periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques of cardiovascular disease patients can present similarities in the microbial diversity.

Microbial Diversity Similarities in Periodontal Pockets and Atheromatous Plaques of Cardiovascular Disease Patients