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Objective  Using European descent Czech populations, we performed a study of  SLC2A9  and  SLC22A12  genes previously identified as being associated with serum uric acid concentrations and gout. This is the first study of the impact of non-synonymous allelic variants on the function of GLUT9 except for patients suffering from renal hypouricemia type 2.    Methods  The cohort consisted of 250 individuals (150 controls, 54 nonspecific hyperuricemics and 46 primary gout and/or hyperuricemia subjects). We analyzed 13 exons of  SLC2A9  (GLUT9 variant 1 and GLUT9 variant 2) and 10 exons of  SLC22A12  by PCR amplification and sequenced directly. Allelic variants were prepared and their urate uptake and subcellular localization were studied by  Xenopus  oocytes expression system. The functional studies were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon and Kruskall-Wallis tests; the association study used the Fisher exact test and linear regression approach.    Results  We identified a total of 52 sequence variants (12 unpublished). Eight non-synonymous allelic variants were found only in  SLC2A9 : rs6820230, rs2276961, rs144196049, rs112404957, rs73225891, rs16890979, rs3733591 and rs2280205. None of these variants showed any significant difference in the expression of GLUT9 and in urate transport. In the association study, eight variants showed a possible association with hyperuricemia. However, seven of these were in introns and the one exon located variant, rs7932775, did not show a statistically significant association with serum uric acid concentration.    Conclusion  Our results did not confirm any effect of  SLC22A12  and  SLC2A9  variants on serum uric acid concentration. Our complex approach using association analysis together with functional and immunohistochemical characterization of non-synonymous allelic variants did not show any influence on expression, subcellular localization and urate uptake of GLUT9.

plos one

Complex Analysis of Urate Transporters SLC2A9, SLC22A12 and Functional Characterization of Non-Synonymous Allelic Variants of GLUT9 in the Czech Population: No Evidence of Effect on Hyperuricemia and Gout