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In Arabidopsis, the regulation network of the seed maturation program controls the induction of seed dormancy. Wheat EST sequences showing homology with the master regulators of seed maturation,  LEAFY COTYLEDON1  ( LEC1 ),  LEC2  and  FUSCA3  ( FUS3 ), were searched from databases and designated respectively as  TaL1L  ( LEC1-LIKE ),  TaL2L  ( LEC2-LIKE ), and  TaFUS3 .  TaL1LA ,  TaL2LA  and  TaFUS3  mainly expressed in seeds or embryos, with the expression limited to the early stages of seed development. Results show that tissue-specific and developmental-stage-dependent expressions are similar to those of seed maturation regulators in Arabidopsis. In wheat cultivars, the expression level of  TaL1LA  is correlated significantly with the germination index (GI) of whole seeds at 40 days after pollination (DAP) ( r  = –0.83**). Expression levels of  TaFUS3  and  TaL2LA  are significantly correlated respectively with GIs at 40 DAP and 50 DAP, except for dormant cultivars. No correlation was found between the expression level of  TaVP1 , orthologue of  ABA INSENSITIVE3  ( ABI3 ), and seed dormancy.  DELAY OF GERMINATION1  ( DOG1 ) was identified as a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the regulation of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Its promoter has RY motif, which is a target sequence of  LEC2 . Significant correlation was found between the expression of  TaDOG1  and seed dormancy except for dormant cultivars. These results indicate that  TaL1LA ,  TaL2LA , and  TaFUS3  are wheat orthologues of seed maturation regulators. The expressions of these genes affect the level of seed dormancy. Furthermore, the pathways, which involve seed maturation regulators and  TaDOG1 , are important for regulating seed dormancy in wheat.

Seed Maturation Regulators Are Related to the Control of Seed Dormancy in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)