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Plant analysis is a very promising diagnostic tool for assessment of crop nitrogen (N) requirements in perspectives of cost effective and environment friendly agriculture. Diagnosing N nutritional status of rice crop through plant analysis will give insights into optimizing N requirements of future crops. The present study was aimed to develop a new methodology for determining the critical nitrogen (N c ) dilution curve based on stem dry matter (S DM ) and to assess its suitability to estimate the level of N nutrition for rice ( Oryza sativa  L.) in east China. Three field experiments with varied N rates (0–360 kg N ha −1 ) using three Japonica rice hybrids, Lingxiangyou-18, Wuxiangjing-14 and Wuyunjing were conducted in Jiangsu province of east China. S DM  and stem N concentration (SNC) were determined during vegetative stage for growth analysis. A N c  dilution curve based on S DM  was described by the equation (N c  = 2.17W −0.27 with W being S DM  in t ha −1 ), when S DM  ranged from 0.88 to 7.94 t ha −1 . However, for S DM  < 0.88 t ha −1 , the constant critical value N c  = 1.76% S DM  was applied. The curve was dually validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions. The N nutrition index (NNI) and accumulated N deficit (N and ) of stem ranged from 0.57 to 1.06 and 51.1 to −7.07 kg N ha −1 , respectively, during key growth stages under varied N rates in 2010 and 2011. The values of ΔN derived from either NNI or N and  could be used as references for N dressing management during rice growth. Our results demonstrated that the present curve well differentiated the conditions of limiting and non-limiting N nutrition in rice crop. The S DM  based N c  dilution curve can be adopted as an alternate and novel approach for evaluating plant N status to support N fertilization decision during the vegetative growth of Japonica rice in east China.

Determination of Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve Based on Stem Dry Matter in Rice