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The Colombian Pacific region is second nationally in number of malaria cases reported. This zone presents great ecological heterogeneity and  Anopheles  species diversity. However, little is known about the current spatial and temporal distribution of vector species. This study, conducted in three ecologically different localities of the Pacific region, aimed to evaluate the composition and distribution of  Anopheles  species and characterize transmission intensity. A total of 4,016  Anopheles  mosquitoes were collected representing seven species. The composition and dominant species differed in each locality. Three species were infected with malaria parasites:  Anopheles darlingi  and  An. calderoni  were infected with  Plasmodium falciparum  and  An. nuneztovari  with  Plasmodium vivax  VK210 and VK247. Annual EIRs varied from 3.5–7.2 infective bites per year. These results confirm the importance of the primary vector  An. nuneztovari  in areas disturbed by human interventions, of  An. darlingi  in deforested margins of humid tropical rainforest and  An. albimanus  and the suspected vector  An. calderoni  in areas impacted by urbanization and large-scale palm oil agriculture close to the coast. This constitutes the first report in the Colombia Pacific region of naturally infected  An. darlingi , and in Colombia of naturally infected  An. calderoni.  Further studies should evaluate the epidemiological importance of  An. calderoni  in the Pacific region.

Malaria Vectors in Ecologically Heterogeneous Localities of the Colombian Pacific Region