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Botanicals are rich in bioactive compounds, and some offer numerous beneficial effects to animal and human health when consumed. It is well known that phytochemicals in cranberries have anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities. Recently, an increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that cranberry phytochemicals may have potential benefits that promote healthy aging. Here, we use  Caenorhabditis elegans  as a model to show that  w ater-soluble  c ranberry  e xtract  s tandardized to 4.0%  p roanthocyanidins (WCESP), a major component of cranberries, can enhance host innate immunity to resist against  Vibrio cholerae  ( V. cholerae ; wild type C6706 (O1 El Tor biotype)) infection. Supplementation of WCESP did not significantly alter the intestinal colonization of  V. cholerae , but upregulated the expression of  C. elegans  innate immune genes, such as  clec-46 ,  clec-71 ,  fmo-2 ,  pqn-5  and C23G10.1. Additionally, WCESP treatment did not affect the growth of  V. cholerae  and expression of the major bacterial virulence genes, and only slightly reduced bacterial colonization within  C. elegans  intestine. These findings indicate that the major components of WCESP, including proanthocyanidins (PACs), may play an important role in enhancing the host innate immunity. Moreover, we engaged  C. elegans  mutants and identified that the p38 MAPK signaling, insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), and HSF-1 play pivotal roles in the WCESP-mediated host immune response. Considering the level of conservation between the innate immune pathways of  C. elegans  and humans, the results of this study suggest that WCESP may also play an immunity-promoting role in higher order organisms.

plos one

Cranberry Extract Standardized for Proanthocyanidins Promotes the Immune Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Vibrio cholerae through the p38 MAPK Pathway and HSF-1