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Background  Both an excess of toxic lead (Pb) and an essential iron disorder have been implicated in many diseases and public health problems. Iron metabolism genes, such as the hemochromatosis ( HFE ) gene, have been reported to be modifiers for lead absorption and storage. However, the  HFE  gene studies among the Asian population with occupationally high lead exposure are lacking.    Objectives  To explore the modifying effects of the  HFE  genotype (wild-type,  H63D  variant and  C282Y  variant) on the Pb load and iron metabolism among Asian Pb-workers with high occupational exposure.    Methods  Seven hundred and seventy-one employees from a lead smelter manufacturing company were tested to determine their Pb intoxication parameters, iron metabolic indexes and identify the  HFE  genotype. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted.    Results  Forty-five  H63D  variant carriers and no  C282Y  variant carrier were found among the 771 subjects. Compared with subjects with the wild-type genotype,  H63D  variant carriers had higher blood lead levels, even after controlling for factors such as age, sex, marriage, education, smoking and lead exposure levels. Multivariate analyses also showed that the  H63D  genotype modifies the associations between the blood lead levels and the body iron burden/transferrin.    Conclusions  No  C282Y  variant was found in this Asian population. The  H63D  genotype modified the association between the lead and iron metabolism such that increased blood lead is associated with a higher body iron content or a lower transferrin in the  H63D  variant. It is indicated that  H63D  variant carriers may be a potentially highly vulnerable sub-population if they are exposed to high lead levels occupationally.

The Effect of the Hemochromatosis (HFE) Genotype on Lead Load and Iron Metabolism among Lead Smelter Workers