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Objective  Female genital tract secretions inhibit  E. coli  ex vivo and the activity may prevent colonization and provide a biomarker of a healthy microbiome. We hypothesized that high  E. coli  inhibitory activity would be associated with a  Lactobacillus crispatus  and/or  jensenii  dominant microbiome and differ from that of women with low inhibitory activity.    Study Design  Vaginal swab cell pellets from 20 samples previously obtained in a cross-sectional study of near-term pregnant and non-pregnant healthy women were selected based on having high (>90% inhibition) or low (<20% inhibition) anti- E. coli  activity. The V6 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Filtered culture supernatants from  Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners,  and  Gardnerella vaginalis  were also assayed for  E. coli  inhibitory activity.    Results  Sixteen samples (10 with high and 6 with low activity) yielded evaluable microbiome data. There was no difference in the predominant microbiome species in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women (n = 8 each). However, there were significant differences between women with high compared to low  E. coli  inhibitory activity. High activity was associated with a predominance of  L. crispatus  (p<0.007) and culture supernatants from  L. crispatus  exhibited greater  E. coli  inhibitory activity compared to supernatants obtained from  L. iners  or  G. vaginalis.  Notably, the  E. coli  inhibitory activity varied among different strains of  L. crispatus.Conclusion  Microbiome communities with abundant  L. crispatus  likely contribute to the  E. coli  inhibitory activity of vaginal secretions and efforts to promote this environment may prevent  E. coli  colonization and related sequelae including preterm birth.

Lactobacillus crispatus Dominant Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated with Inhibitory Activity of Female Genital Tract Secretions against Escherichia coli