Meta-Analysis Reveals the Association of Common Variants in the Uncoupling Protein (UCP) 1–3 Genes with Body Mass Index Variability

Background The relationship between uncoupling protein ( UCP ) 1–3 polymorphisms and susceptibility to obesity has been investigated in several genetic studies. However, the impact of these polymorphisms on obesity is still under debate, with contradictory results being reported. Until this date, no meta-analysis evaluated the association of UCP polymorphisms with body mass index (BMI) variability. Thus, this paper describe a meta-analysis conducted to evaluate if the -3826A/G ( UCP1 ); -866G/A, Ala55Val and Ins/Del ( UCP2 ) and -55C/T ( UCP3 ) polymorphisms are associated with BMI changes. Methods A literature search was run to identify all studies that investigated associations between UCP1-3 polymorphisms and BMI. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated for different inheritance models. Results Fifty-six studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that UCP2 55Val/Val genotype was associated with increased BMI in Europeans [Random Effect Model (REM) WMD 0.81, 95% CI 0.20, 1.41]. Moreover, the UCP2 Ins allele and UCP3- 55T/T genotype were associated with increased BMI in Asians [REM WMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.09, 0.83 and Fixed Effect Model (FEM) WMD 1.63, 95% CI 0.25, 3.01]. However, a decreased BMI mean was observed for the UCP2- 866 A allele in Europeans under a dominant model of inheritance (REM WMD −0.18, 95% CI −0.35, −0.01). There was no significant association of the UCP1- 3826A/G polymorphism with BMI mean differences. Conclusions The meta-analysis detected a significant association between the UCP2- 866G/A, Ins/Del, Ala55Val and UCP3- 55C/T polymorphisms and BMI mean differences.