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Experimental evidence of the interactions among mammalian predators that eat or compete with one another is rare, due to the ethical and logistical challenges of managing wild populations in a controlled and replicated way. Here, we report on the opportunistic use of a replicated and controlled culling experiment (the Randomised Badger Culling Trial) to investigate the relationship between two sympatric predators: European badgers  Meles meles  and western European hedgehogs  Erinaceus europaeus . In areas of preferred habitat (amenity grassland), counts of hedgehogs more than doubled over a 5-year period from the start of badger culling (from 0.9 ha −1  pre-cull to 2.4 ha −1  post-cull), whereas hedgehog counts did not change where there was no badger culling (0.3–0.3 hedgehogs ha −1 ). This trial provides experimental evidence for mesopredator release as an outcome of management of a top predator.

Impacts of Removing Badgers on Localised Counts of Hedgehogs