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Objective  The human APOBEC3 family of proteins potently restricts HIV-1 replication  APOBEC3B , one of the family genes, is frequently deleted in human populations. Two previous studies reached inconsistent conclusions regarding the effects of  APOBEC3B  loss on HIV-1 acquisition and pathogenesis. Therefore, it was necessary to verify the effects of APOBEC3B on HIV-1 infection  in vivo .    Methods  Intact (I) and deletion (D) polymorphisms of  APOBEC3B  were analyzed using PCR. The syphilis, HBV and HCV infection rates, as well as CD4 +  T cell counts and viral loads were compared among three  APOBEC3B  genotype groups (I/I, D/I, and D/D). HIV-1 replication kinetics was assayed  in vitro  using primary cells derived from PBMCs.    Results  A total of 248 HIV-1-infected Japanese men who have sex with men (MSM) patients and 207 uninfected Japanese MSM were enrolled in this study. The genotype analysis revealed no significant differences between the  APOBEC3B  genotype ratios of the infected and the uninfected cohorts (p = 0.66). In addition, HIV-1 disease progression parameters were not associated with the  APOBEC3B  genotype. Furthermore, the PBMCs from D/D and I/I subjects exhibited comparable HIV-1 susceptibility.    Conclusion  Our analysis of a population-based matched cohort suggests that the antiviral mechanism of APOBEC3B plays only a negligible role in eliminating HIV-1  in vivo .

Lack of Association between Intact/Deletion Polymorphisms of the APOBEC3B Gene and HIV-1 Risk