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The emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis is driven by the spread of amphibian chytrid fungus ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ,  Bd ), a highly virulent pathogen threatening global amphibian biodiversity. Although pandemic in distribution, previous intensive field surveys have failed to detect  Bd  in Madagascar, a biodiversity hotspot home to hundreds of endemic amphibian species. Due to the presence of  Bd  in nearby continental Africa and the ecological crisis that can be expected following establishment in Madagascar, enhanced surveillance is imperative. I sampled 565 amphibians commercially exported from Madagascar for the presence of  Bd  upon importation to the USA, both to assist early detection efforts and demonstrate the conservation potential of wildlife trade disease surveillance.  Bd  was detected in three animals via quantitative PCR: a single  Heterixalus alboguttatus ,  Heterixalus betsileo , and  Scaphiophryne spinosa . This is the first time  Bd  has been confirmed in amphibians from Madagascar and presents an urgent call to action. Our early identification of pathogen presence prior to widespread infection provides the necessary tools and encouragement to catalyze a swift, targeted response to isolate and eradicate  Bd  from Madagascar. If implemented before establishment occurs, an otherwise likely catastrophic decline in amphibian biodiversity may be prevented.

Presence of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Native Amphibians Exported from Madagascar