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In a variety of animal species, females hold a leading position in evaluating potential mating partners. The decision of virgin females to accept or reject a courting male is one of the most critical steps for mating success. In the fruitfly  Drosophila melanogaster , however, the molecular and neuronal mechanisms underlying female receptivity are still poorly understood, particularly for virgin females. The  Drosophila painless  ( pain ) gene encodes a transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel. We previously demonstrated that mutations in  pain  significantly enhance the sexual receptivity of virgin females and that  pain  expression in  pain GAL4  -positive neurons is necessary and sufficient for  pain -mediated regulation of the virgin receptivity. Among the  pain GAL4  -positive neurons in the adult female brain, here we have found that insulin-producing cells (IPCs), a neuronal subset in the pars intercerebralis, are essential in virgin females for the regulation of sexual receptivity through Pain TRP channels. IPC-specific knockdown of  pain  expression or IPC ablation strongly enhanced female sexual receptivity as was observed in  pain  mutant females. When  pain  expression or neuronal activity was conditionally suppressed in adult IPCs, female sexual receptivity was similarly enhanced. Furthermore, both  pain  mutations and the conditional knockdown of  pain  expression in IPCs depressed female rejection behaviors toward courting males. Taken together, our results indicate that the Pain TRP channel in IPCs plays an important role in controlling the sexual receptivity of  Drosophila  virgin females by positively regulating female rejection behaviors during courtship.

Insulin-Producing Cells Regulate the Sexual Receptivity through the Painless TRP Channel in Drosophila Virgin Females