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Fusobacterium nucleatum  is one of the most abundant gram-negative bacilli colonizing the subgingival plaque and closely associated with periodontal disease. However it is unclear whether  F. nucleatum  is involved in gingival inflammation under orthodontic appliance. A novel adhesin,  FadA , which is unique to oral  Fusobacteria , is required for  F. nucleatum  binding and invasion to epithelial cells and thus may play an important role in colonization of  Fusobacterium  in the host. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of  F. nucleatum  and its virulence factor  FadA  adhesion gene ( fadA ) in 169 subgingival biofilm samples from 55 cases of gingivitis patients with orthodontic appliances, 49 cases of gingivitis patients without orthodontic treatment, 35 cases of periodontitis patients and 30 cases of periodontally healthy people via PCR. The correlations between the  F. nucleatum / fadA  and gingivitis index(GI)was also analyzed. The detection rate of  F. nucleatum / fadA  in periodontitis group and non-orthodontic gingivitis group was higher than the other two groups (p<0.01) while it was higher in orthodontic gingivitis group than in health people (p<0.05). An obviously positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of  F. nucleatum / fadA  and GI.  F. nucleatum  carrying  fadA  may be more closely related to the development of gingivitis and periodontal disease compared with orthodontic gingivitis.

Detection of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and fadA Adhesin Gene in Patients with Orthodontic Gingivitis and Non-Orthodontic Periodontal Inflammation