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Background & Aims  Diet contributes to colorectal cancer development and may be potentially modified. We wanted to identify the biological mechanisms underlying colorectal carcinogenesis by assessment of diet-gene interactions.    Methods  The polymorphisms  IL10  C-592A (rs1800872), C-rs3024505-T,  IL1b  C-3737T (rs4848306), G-1464C (rs1143623), T-31C (rs1143627) and  PTGS2  (encoding COX-2) A-1195G (rs689466), G-765C (rs20417), and T8473C (rs5275) were assessed in relation to risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and interaction with diet (red meat, fish, fibre, cereals, fruit and vegetables) and lifestyle (non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drug use and smoking status) was assessed in a nested case-cohort study of nine hundred and seventy CRC cases and 1789 randomly selected participants from a prospective study of 57,053 persons.    Results    IL1b  C-3737T, G-1464C and  PTGS2  T8473C variant genotypes were associated with risk of CRC compared to the homozygous wildtype genotype (IRR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.68-0.97, p=0.02, and IRR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.04-1.44, p=0.02, IRR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.57-0.99, p=0.04, respectively). Interactions were found between diet and  IL10  rs3024505 (P-value for interaction (P int ); meat=0.04, fish=0.007, fibre=0.0008, vegetables=0.0005), C-592A (P int ; fibre=0.025),  IL1b  C-3737T (P int ; vegetables=0.030, NSAID use=0.040) and  PTGS2  genotypes G-765C (P int ; meat=0.006, fibre=0.0003, fruit 0.004), and T8473C (P int ; meat 0.049, fruit=0.03) and A-1195G (P int ; meat 0.038, fibre 0.040, fruit=0.059, vegetables=0.025, and current smoking=0.046).    Conclusions  Genetically determined low COX-2 and high IL-1β activity were associated with increased risk of CRC in this northern Caucasian cohort. Furthermore, interactions were found between  IL10 ,  IL1b , and  PTGS2  and diet and lifestyle factors in relation to CRC. The present study demonstrates that gene-environment interactions may identify genes and environmental factors involved in colorectal carcinogenesis.

plos one

Interactions between Diet, Lifestyle and IL10, IL1B, and PTGS2/COX-2 Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Prospective Danish Case-Cohort Study