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To investigate the genetic and molecular regulation that the female gametophyte could exert over neighboring sporophytic regions of the ovule, we performed a quantitative comparison of global expression in wild-type and  nozzle/sporocyteless (spl)  ovules of  Arabidopsis thaliana  (Arabidopsis), using Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS). This comparison resulted in 1517 genes showing at least 3-fold increased expression in ovules lacking a female gametophyte, including those encoding 89 transcription factors, 50 kinases, 25 proteins containing a RNA-recognition motif (RRM), and 20 WD40 repeat proteins. We confirmed that eleven of these genes are either preferentially expressed or exclusive of  spl  ovules lacking a female gametophyte as compared to wild-type, and showed that six are also upregulated in  determinant infertile1 (dif1) , a meiotic mutant affected in a REC8-like cohesin that is also devoided of female gametophytes. The sporophytic misexpression of  IOREMPTE , a WD40/transducin repeat gene that is preferentially expressed in the L1 layer of  spl  ovules, caused the arrest of female gametogenesis after differentiation of a functional megaspore. Our results show that in Arabidopsis, the sporophytic-gametophytic cross talk includes a negative regulation of the female gametophyte over specific genes that are detrimental for its growth and development, demonstrating its potential to exert a repressive control over neighboring regions in the ovule.

Functional Analysis of Sporophytic Transcripts Repressed by the Female Gametophyte in the Ovule of Arabidopsis thaliana