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Human Polynucleotide Phosphorylase ( hPNPase old-35   or  PNPT1 ) is an evolutionarily conserved 3′→5′ exoribonuclease implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, mtRNA import and aging-associated inflammation. From an RNase perspective, little is known about the RNA or miRNA species it targets for degradation or whose expression it regulates; except for  c-myc  and miR-221. To further elucidate the functional implications of  hPNPase old-35   in cellular physiology, we knocked-down and overexpressed  hPNPase old-35   in human melanoma cells and performed gene expression analyses to identify differentially expressed transcripts. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis indicated that knockdown of  hPNPase old-35   resulted in significant gene expression changes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and cholesterol biosynthesis; whereas overexpression of  hPNPase old-35   caused global changes in cell-cycle related functions. Additionally, comparative gene expression analyses between our  hPNPase old-35   knockdown and overexpression datasets allowed us to identify 77 potential “ direct”  and 61 potential “ indirect”  targets of  hPNPase old-35   which formed correlated networks enriched for cell-cycle and wound healing functional association, respectively. These results provide a comprehensive database of genes responsive to  hPNPase old-35   expression levels; along with the identification new potential candidate genes offering fresh insight into cellular pathways regulated by PNPT1 and which may be used in the future for possible therapeutic intervention in mitochondrial- or inflammation-associated disease phenotypes.

Identification of Genes Potentially Regulated by Human Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (hPNPaseold-35) Using Melanoma as a Model