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Gram-negative bacteria produce extracellular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that interact with host cells. Unlike Gram-negative bacteria, less is known about the production and role of extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) in Gram-positive bacteria. The food-borne pathogen   Listeria monocytogenes   can survive under extreme environmental and energy stress conditions and the transcription factor σ B  is involved in this survival ability. Here, we first determined the production of MVs from   L. monocytogenes   and evaluated whether general stress transcription factor σ B  affected production of MVs in   L. monocytogenes .  L. monocytogenes   secreted MVs during  in vitro  broth culture. The wild-type strain actively produced MVs approximately nine times more and also produced more intact shapes of MVs than those of the isogenic Δ sigB  mutant. A proteomic analysis showed that 130 and 89 MV proteins were identified in the wild-type and Δ sigB  mutant strains, respectively. Wild-type strain-derived MVs contained proteins regulated by σ B  such as transporters (OpuCA and OpuCC), stress response (Kat), metabolism (LacD), translation (InfC), and cell division protein (FtsZ). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that wild-type-derived MV proteins corresponded to several GO terms, including response to stress (heat, acid, and bile resistance) and extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process, but not the Δ sigB  mutant. Internalin B (InlB) was almost three times more contained in MVs derived from the wild-type strain than in MVs derived from the Δ sigB  mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that σ B  plays a pivotal role in the production of MVs and protein profiles contained in MVs.   L. monocytogenes   MVs may contribute to host infection and survival ability under various stressful conditions.

Transcription Factor σB Plays an Important Role in the Production of Extracellular Membrane-Derived Vesicles in Listeria monocytogenes