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Mosquitoes and other arthropods may transmit medically important pathogens, in particular viruses such as West Nile virus. The presence of suitable hosts and competent vectors for those zoonotic viruses is essential for an enzootic transmission, which is a prerequisite for epidemics. To establish reliable risk projections, it is an urgent need for an exact identification of mosquito species, which is especially challenging in the case of sibling species, such as  Culex. pipiens pipiens  biotypes  pipiens  and  molestus . To facilitate detection of different  Culex pipiens  forms and their hybrids we established a multiplex real-time PCR.  Culex pipiens  samples were obtained by egg raft collection and rearing until imago stage or adult sampling using CO 2  baited traps and gravid traps. In total, we tested more than 16,500 samples collected all over Germany in the years 2011 and 2012. The predominant species in Germany are  Culex pipiens pipiens  biotype  pipiens  and  Culex. torrentium , but we also detected  Culex pipiens pipiens  biotype  molestus  and hybrids of the two  pipiens  biotypes at sites where both species occur sympatrically. This report of a potentially important bridge vector for West Nile virus might have major impact in the risk projections for West Nile virus in Germany.

plos one

First Nationwide Surveillance of Culex pipiens Complex and Culex torrentium Mosquitoes Demonstrated the Presence of Culex pipiens Biotype pipiens/molestus Hybrids in Germany