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The recent detection and isolation of  C. ureolyticus  from patients with diarrhoeal illness and inflammatory bowel diseases warrants further investigation into its role as an emerging pathogen of the human gastrointestinal tract. Regarding the pathogenic mechanisms employed by this species we provide the first whole genome analysis of two  C. ureolyticus  isolates including the type strain. Comparative analysis, subtractive hybridisation and gene ontology searches against other  Campylobacter  species identifies the high degree of heterogenicity between  C. ureolyticus  isolates, in addition to the identification of 106 putative virulence associated factors, 52 of which are predicted to be secreted. Such factors encompass each of the known virulence tactics of pathogenic  Campylobacter  spp. including adhesion and colonisation (CadF, PEB1, IcmF and FlpA), invasion ( ciaB  and 16  virB-virD4  genes) and toxin production (S-layer RTX and ZOT). Herein, we provide the first virulence catalogue for  C. ureolyticus , the components of which theoretically provide this emerging species with sufficient arsenal to establish pathology.

Genomic Investigation into Strain Heterogeneity and Pathogenic Potential of the Emerging Gastrointestinal Pathogen Campylobacter ureolyticus