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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical for cardiovascular physiology. Cardiac cells express >100 nonchemosensory GPCRs, indicating that important physiological and potential therapeutic targets remain to be discovered. Moreover, there is a growing appreciation that members of the large, distinct taste and odorant GPCR families have specific functions in tissues beyond the oronasal cavity, including in the brain, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. To date, these chemosensory GPCRs have not been systematically studied in the heart. We performed RT-qPCR taste receptor screens in rodent and human heart tissues that revealed discrete subsets of type 2 taste receptors ( TAS2 / Tas2 ) as well as  Tas1r1  and  Tas1r3  (comprising the umami receptor) are expressed. These taste GPCRs are present in cultured cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, and by  in situ  hybridization can be visualized across the myocardium in isolated cardiac cells.  Tas1r1  gene-targeted mice (Tas1r1  Cre  /Rosa26  tdRFP  ) strikingly recapitulated these data.  In vivo  taste receptor expression levels were developmentally regulated in the postnatal period. Intriguingly, several  Tas2r s were upregulated in cultured rat myocytes and in mouse heart  in vivo  following starvation. The discovery of taste GPCRs in the heart opens an exciting new field of cardiac research. We predict that these taste receptors may function as nutrient sensors in the heart.

Expression, Regulation and Putative Nutrient-Sensing Function of Taste GPCRs in the Heart