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The  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  fimbrial structures encoded by the  cup  gene clusters ( cupB  and  cupC ) contribute to its attachment to abiotic surfaces and biofilm formation. The  P. aeruginosa pvcABCD  gene cluster encodes enzymes that synthesize a novel isonitrile functionalized cumarin, paerucumarin. Paerucumarin has already been characterized chemically, but this is the first report elucidating its role in bacterial biology. We examined the relationship between the  pvc  operon and the  cup  gene clusters in the  P. aeruginosa  strain MPAO1. Mutations within the  pvc  genes compromised biofilm development and significantly reduced the expression of  cupB1-6  and  cupC1-3 , as well as different genes of the  cupB / cupC  two-component regulatory systems,  roc1/roc2 . Adjacent to  pvc  is the transcriptional regulator  ptxR . A  ptxR  mutation in MPAO1 significantly reduced the expression of the  pvc  genes, the  cupB/cupC  genes, and the  roc1/roc2  genes. Overexpression of the intact chromosomally-encoded  pvc  operon by a  ptxR  plasmid significantly enhanced  cupB2 ,  cupC2 ,  rocS1 , and  rocS2  expression and biofilm development. Exogenously added paerucumarin significantly increased the expression of  cupB2 ,  cupC2 ,  rocS1  and  rocS2  in the  pvcA  mutant. Our results suggest that  pvc  influences  P. aeruginosa  biofilm development through the  cup  gene clusters in a pathway that involves paerucumarin, PtxR, and different  cup  regulators.

The pvc Operon Regulates the Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fimbrial Chaperone/Usher Pathway (Cup) Genes