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The present study aimed to identify and characterize plasmids in a national collection of oral  Enterococcus faecalis  (n = 106) isolated from patients with marginal periodontitis. Plasmid replicon typing was performed by multiplex-PCR and sequencing with specific primers for 18  rep- families and 1 unique sequence. Additional plasmid analysis by S1-PFGE was performed for comparison. Totally 120 plasmid replicon amplicons of seven  rep -families were identified in 93  E. faecalis  strains, e.g.  rep 9 (prototype pCF10),  rep 6 (prototype pS86),  rep 2 (prototype pRE25/pEF1), and  rep 8 (prototype pAM373).  Rep 9 was the most predominant  rep -family being detected in 81 (76.4%) strains. Forty of these strains were tetracycline resistant and three were erythromycin resistant.  Rep 6 was the second predominant  rep -family being detected in 22 (20.8%) strains.  Rep 2 was detected in eight (7.5%) strains. All  rep 2-positive strains were resistant to tetracycline and/or erythromycin and six of them contained Tn 916 /Tn 1545  genes. The  rep -positive  E. faecalis  exhibited divergence in multilocus sequence types (STs). There was a significant correlation between  rep 9 and ST21, while multiple  rep -families appeared in ST40. Totally 145 plasmid bands were identified in 95  E. faecalis  strains by S1-PFGE, 59 strains carrying one plasmid, 27 carrying two, five carrying three, three carrying four, and one strain carrying five plasmids. Plasmid sizes varied between 5–150 kbp. There was a significant correlation between the number of plasmids identified by PCR  rep -typing and by S1-PFGE. The results indicate that the majority of  E. faecalis  of marginal periodontitis are likely to be a reservoir for diverse mobile genetic elements and associated antimicrobial resistance determinants.

Characterisation of the Plasmidome within Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Marginal Periodontitis Patients in Norway