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The leafcutter ants, which consist of  Acromyrmex  and  Atta  genera, are restricted to the New World and they are considered the main herbivores in the neotropics. Cytogenetic studies of leafcutter ants are available for five species of  Atta  and 14 species of  Acromyrmex , both including subspecies. These two ant genera have a constant karyotype with a diploid number of 22 and 38 chromosomes, respectively. The most distinct  Acromyrmex  species from Brazil is  A. striatus , which is restricted to the southern states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. Several cytogenetic and phylogenetic studies have been conducted with ants, but the karyotypic characterization and phylogenetic position of this species relative to leafcutter ants remains unknown. In this study, we report a diploid number of 22 chromosomes for  A. striatus . The phylogenetic relationship between  A. striatus  and other leafcutter ants was estimated based on the four nuclear genes.  A. striatus  shared the same chromosome number as  Atta  species and the majority of metacentric chromosomes. Nuclear data generated a phylogenetic tree with a well-supported cluster, where  A. striatus  formed a different clade from other  Acromyrmex  spp. This combination of cytogenetic and molecular approaches provided interesting insights into the phylogenetic position of  A. striatus  among the leafcutter ants and the tribe Attini.

Cytogenetic and Molecular Analyses Reveal a Divergence between Acromyrmex striatus (Roger, 1863) and Other Congeneric Species: Taxonomic Implications