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In the cell walls of the pathogenic yeast phases of  Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitidis  and  Histoplasma capsulatum , the outer α-(1,3)-glucan layer behaves as a virulence factor. In  H. capsulatum , an α-(1,4)-amylase gene ( AMY1 ) is essential for the synthesis of this polysaccharide, hence related to virulence. An orthologous gene to  H. capsulatum AMY1  was identified in  P. brasiliensis  and also labeled  AMY1 .  P. brasiliensis AMY1  transcriptional levels were increased during the yeast phase, which correlates with the presence of α-(1,3)-glucan as the major yeast cell wall polysaccharide. Complementation of a  H. capsulatum amy1  mutant strain with  P. brasiliensis AMY1 , suggests that  P. brasiliensis  Amy1p may play a role in the synthesis of cell wall α-(1,3)-glucan. To study some biochemical properties of  P. brasiliensis  Amy1p, the enzyme was overexpressed, purified and studied its activity profile with starch and amylopeptin. It showed a relatively higher hydrolyzing activity on amylopeptin than starch, producing oligosaccharides from 4 to 5 glucose residues. Our findings show that  P. brasiliensis  Amy1p produces maltooligosaccharides which may act as a primer molecule for the fungal cell wall α-(1,3)-glucan biosynthesis by Ags1p.

plos one

Expression of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis AMY1 in a Histoplasma capsulatum amy1 Mutant, Relates an α-(1,4)-Amylase to Cell Wall α-(1,3)-Glucan Synthesis