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Background  Female genital tract secretions are bactericidal for  Escherichia (E.) coli ex vivo . However, the intersubject variability and molecules that contribute to this activity have not been defined.    Methods  The bactericidal activity and concentration of immune mediators in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) collected from 99 healthy women were determined.    Results  CVL reduced the number of  E. coli  colonies by 68% [−26, 100] (median [range]). CVL were active against laboratory and clinical isolates of  E. coli,  but were inactive against Lactobacillus species. Bactericidal activity correlated with the concentration of protein recovered (p<0.001), but not with cytokines, chemokines or antimicrobial peptides. Four CVL with>90% inhibitory activity (active) and two with<30% activity were subjected to MS/MS proteomic analysis. 215 proteins were identified and six were found exclusively in active samples. Four of these corresponded to  Lactobacillus crispatu s or  jensenii  proteins. Moreover, culture supernatants from  Lactobacillus jensenii  were bactericidal for  E. coli.Conclusion  Both host and commensal microbiota proteins contribute to mucosal defense. Identification of these proteins will facilitate the development of strategies to maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome and prevent colonization with pathogenic bacteria such as  E. coli  that increase the risk for urinary tract infections, preterm labor and perinatal infection.

Lactobacillus Proteins Are Associated with the Bactericidal Activity against E. coli of Female Genital Tract Secretions