Isolation and Characterization of Human Dental Pulp Derived Stem Cells by Using Media Containing Low Human Serum Percentage as Clinical Grade Substitutes for Bovine Serum

Adult stem cells have been proposed as an alternative to embryonic stem cells to study multilineage differentiation in vitro and to use in therapy. Current culture media for isolation and expansion of adult stem cells require the use of large amounts of animal sera, but animal-derived culture reagents give rise to some questions due to the real possibility of infections and severe immune reactions. For these reasons a clinical grade substitute to animal sera is needed. We tested the isolation, proliferation, morphology, stemness related marker expression, and osteoblastic differentiation potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) in a chemically defined medium containing a low percentage of human serum, 1.25%, in comparison to a medium containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). DPSCs cultured in presence of our isolation/proliferation medium added with low HS percentage were obtained without immune-selection methods and showed high uniformity in the expression of stem cell markers, proliferated at higher rate, and demonstrated comparable osteoblastic potential with respect to DPSCs cultured in 10% FBS. In this study we demonstrated that a chemically defined medium added with low HS percentage, derived from autologous and heterologous sources, could be a valid substitute to FBS-containing media and should be helpful for adult stem cells clinical application.