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Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax Group (trxG) proteins maintain the “OFF” and “ON” transcriptional states of HOX genes and other targets by modulation of chromatin structure. In Drosophila, PcG proteins are bound to DNA fragments called Polycomb group response elements (PREs). The prevalent model holds that PcG proteins bind PREs only in cells where the target gene is “OFF”. Another model posits that transcription through PREs disrupts associated PcG complexes, contributing to the establishment of the “ON” transcriptional state. We tested these two models at the PcG target gene  engrailed .  engrailed  exists in a gene complex with  invected , which together have 4 well-characterized PREs. Our data show that these PREs are not transcribed in embryos or larvae. We also examined whether PcG proteins are bound to an  engrailed  PRE in cells where  engrailed  is transcribed. By FLAG-tagging PcG proteins and expressing them specifically where  engrailed  is “ON” or “OFF”, we determined that components of three major PcG protein complexes are present at an  engrailed  PRE in both the “ON” and “OFF” transcriptional states in larval tissues. These results show that PcG binding per se does not determine the transcriptional state of  engrailed .

Polycomb Group Proteins Bind an engrailed PRE in Both the “ON” and “OFF” Transcriptional States of engrailed