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In Arabidopsis and rice, miR159-regulated  GAMYB-like  family transcription factors function in flower development and gibberellin (GA) signaling in cereal aleurone cells. In this study, the involvement of miR159 in the regulation of its putative target  TaGAMYB  and its relationship to wheat development were investigated. First, we demonstrated that cleavage of  TaGAMYB1  and  TaGAMYB2  was directed by miR159 using 5′-RACE and a transient expression system. Second, we overexpressed  TamiR159 ,  TaGAMYB1  and  mTaGAMYB1  (impaired in the miR159 binding site) in transgenic rice, revealing that the accumulation in rice of mature miR159 derived from the precursor of wheat resulted in delayed heading time and male sterility. In addition, the number of tillers and primary branches in rice overexpressing  mTaGAMYB1  increased relative to the wild type. Our previous study reported that  TamiR159  was downregulated after two hours of heat stress treatment in wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.). Most notably, the  TamiR159  overexpression rice lines were more sensitive to heat stress relative to the wild type, indicating that the downregulation of  TamiR159  in wheat after heat stress might participate in a heat stress-related signaling pathway, in turn contributing to heat stress tolerance.

TamiR159 Directed Wheat TaGAMYB Cleavage and Its Involvement in Anther Development and Heat Response