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bla   OXA-48  is a globally emerging carbapenemase-encoding gene. The progenitor of  bla   OXA-48  appears to be a  Shewanella  species. The presence of the  bla   OXA-48 -like gene was investigated for two  Shewanella xiamenensis  strains.    Methods  Strain WCJ25 was recovered from post-surgical abdominal drainages, while S4 was the type strain of  S. xiamenensis . Species identification for WCJ25 was established by sequencing the 16S rDNA and  gyrB  genes. PCR was used to screen the  bla   OXA-48 -like genes and to obtain their complete sequences. A phylogenetic tree of the  bla   OXA-48 -like genes was constructed. The genetic context of the  bla   OXA-48 -like gene in strain WCJ25 was investigated by inverse PCR using self-ligated AseI- or RsaI-restricted WCJ25 DNA fragments as template, while that in strain S4 was determined by PCR mapping using that in WCJ25 as template.    Results  A new  bla   OXA-48  variant, designated  bla   OXA-48b , with four silent nucleotide differences from the  bla   OXA-48  (designated  bla   OXA-48a ) found in the  Enterobacteriaceae  was identified in strain S4. Strain WCJ25 had a new  bla   OXA-48 -like variant,  bla   OXA-199 , with five nucleotide differences from  bla   OXA-48 a and  bla   OXA-48b . The OXA-199 protein has three amino acid substitutions (H37Y, V44A and D153G) compared with OXA-48. Both  bla   OXA-48b  and  bla   OXA-199  were found adjacent to genes encoding a peptidase (indicated as orf), a protein of unknown function ( sprT ), an endonuclease I ( endA ), and a ribosomal RNA methyl transferase ( rsmE ) upstream and to transcriptional regulator gene  lysR  and an acetyl-CoA carboxylase-encoding gene downstream. In addition, the insertion sequence IS Shes2  was found inserted downstream of  bla   OXA-199  but not of  bla   OXA-48b . The 26 bp sequences upstream and 63 bp downstream of  bla   OXA-48a ,  bla   OXA-48b  and  bla   OXA-199  were identical.    Conclusions    bla   OXA-48a ,  bla   OXA-48b  and  bla   OXA-199  might have a common origin, suggesting that the  bla   OXA-48a  gene found in the  Enterobacteriaceae  could have originated from the chromosome of  S. xiamenensis .

Discovery of blaOXA-199, a Chromosome-Based blaOXA-48-Like Variant, in Shewanella xiamenensis