English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Effector CD4 T cells represent a key component of the host’s anti-tuberculosis immune defense. Successful differentiation and functioning of effector lymphocytes protects the host against severe  M. tuberculosis  ( Mtb ) infection. On the other hand, effector T cell differentiation depends on disease severity/activity, as T cell responses are driven by antigenic and inflammatory stimuli released during infection. Thus, tuberculosis (TB) progression and the degree of effector CD4 T cell differentiation are interrelated, but the relationships are complex and not well understood. We have analyzed an association between the degree of  Mtb -specific CD4 T cell differentiation and severity/activity of pulmonary TB infection.    Methodology/Principal Findings  The degree of CD4 T cell differentiation was assessed by measuring the percentages of highly differentiated CD27 low  cells within a population of  Mtb - specific CD4 T lymphocytes (“CD27 low IFN-γ + ” cells). The percentages of CD27 low IFN-γ+ cells were low in healthy donors (median, 33.1%) and TB contacts (21.8%) but increased in TB patients (47.3%, p<0.0005). Within the group of patients, the percentages of CD27 low IFN-γ +  cells were uniformly high in the lungs (>76%), but varied in blood (12–92%). The major correlate for the accumulation of CD27 low IFN-γ +  cells in blood was lung destruction (r = 0.65, p = 2.7×10 −7) . A cutoff of 47% of CD27 low IFN-γ +  cells discriminated patients with high and low degree of lung destruction (sensitivity 89%, specificity 74%); a decline in CD27 low IFN-γ + cells following TB therapy correlated with repair and/or reduction of lung destruction (p<0.01).    Conclusions  Highly differentiated CD27 low  Mtb-specific (CD27 low IFN-γ + ) CD4 T cells accumulate in the lungs and circulate in the blood of patients with active pulmonary TB. Accumulation of CD27 low IFN-γ +  cells in the blood is associated with lung destruction. The findings indicate that there is no deficiency in CD4 T cell differentiation during TB; evaluation of CD27 low IFN-γ +  cells provides a valuable means to assess TB activity, lung destruction, and tissue repair following TB therapy.

Mtb-Specific CD27low CD4 T Cells as Markers of Lung Tissue Destruction during Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Humans