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Background  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is an important but controversial problem with serious negative impact on women’s quality of life. Data from twin studies have shown a genetic contribution to the development and maintenance of FSD.    Methodology/Principal Findings  We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,104 female twins (25–81 years of age) in a population-based register and phenotypic data on lifelong sexual functioning. Although none reached conventional genome-wide level of significance (10×-8), we found strongly suggestive associations with the phenotypic dimension of arousal (rs13202860,  P =  1.2×10 −7 ; rs1876525,  P  = 1.2×10 −7 ; and rs13209281  P  = 8.3×10 −7 ) on chromosome 6, around 500kb upstream of the locus  HTR1E  (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E) locus, related to the serotonin brain pathways. We could not replicate previously reported candidate SNPs associated with FSD in the  DRD4 ,  5HT2A  and  IL-1B  loci.    Conclusions/Significance  We report the first GWAS of FSD symptoms in humans. This has pointed to several “risk alleles” and the implication of the serotonin and GABA pathways. Ultimately, understanding key mechanisms via this research may lead to new FSD treatments and inform clinical practice and developments in psychiatric nosology.

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Female Sexual Dysfunction