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Background  Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for some of the most deadly parasitic diseases afflicting humans, including malaria and toxoplasmosis. These obligate intracellular parasites exhibit a complex life cycle and a coordinated cell cycle-dependant expression program. Their cell division is a coordinated multistep process. How this complex mechanism is organised remains poorly understood.    Methods and Findings  In this study, we provide evidence for a link between heterochromatin, cell division and the compartmentalisation of the nucleus in  Toxoplasma gondii . We characterised a  T. gondii  chromodomain containing protein (named TgChromo1) that specifically binds to heterochromatin. Using ChIP-on-chip on a genome-wide scale, we report TgChromo1 enrichment at the peri-centromeric chromatin. In addition, we demonstrate that TgChromo1 is cell-cycle regulated and co-localised with markers of the centrocone. Through the loci-specific FISH technique for  T. gondii , we confirmed that TgChromo1 occupies the same nuclear localisation as the peri-centromeric sequences.    Conclusion  We propose that TgChromo1 may play a role in the sequestration of chromosomes at the nuclear periphery and in the process of  T. gondii  cell division.

Toxoplasma gondii Chromodomain Protein 1 Binds to Heterochromatin and Colocalises with Centromeres and Telomeres at the Nuclear Periphery