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Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China and is suffering from serious cyanobacterial blooms with the associated drinking water contamination by microcystin (MC) for millions of citizens. So far, most studies on MCs have been limited to two small bays, while systematic research on the whole lake is lacking. To explain the variations in MC concentrations during cyanobacterial bloom, a large-scale survey at 30 sites across the lake was conducted monthly in 2008. The health risks of MC exposure were high, especially in the northern area. Both  Microcystis  abundance and MC cellular quotas presented positive correlations with MC concentration in the bloom seasons, suggesting that the toxic risks during  Microcystis  proliferations were affected by variations in both  Microcystis  density and MC production per  Microcystis  cell. Use of a powerful predictive modeling tool named generalized additive model (GAM) helped visualize significant effects of abiotic factors related to carbon fixation and proliferation of  Microcystis  (conductivity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), water temperature and pH) on MC cellular quotas from recruitment period of  Microcystis  to the bloom seasons, suggesting the possible use of these factors, in addition to  Microcystis  abundance, as warning signs to predict toxic events in the future. The interesting relationship between macrophytes and MC cellular quotas of  Microcystis  (i.e., high MC cellular quotas in the presence of macrophytes) needs further investigation.

Use of a Generalized Additive Model to Investigate Key Abiotic Factors Affecting Microcystin Cellular Quotas in Heavy Bloom Areas of Lake Taihu