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Background  The domestic dengue vector  Aedes aegypti  mosquitoes breed in indoor containers. However, in northern peninsular Malaysia, they show equal preference for breeding in both indoor and outdoor habitats. To evaluate the epidemiological implications of this peridomestic adaptation, we examined whether  Ae. aegypti  exhibits decreased survival, gonotrophic activity, and fecundity due to lack of host availability and the changing breeding behavior.    Methodology/Principal Findings  This yearlong field surveillance identified  Ae. aegypti  breeding in outdoor containers on an enormous scale. Through a sequence of experiments incorporating outdoors and indoors adapting as well as adapted populations, we observed that indoors provided better environment for the survival of  Ae. aegypti  and the observed death patterns could be explained on the basis of a difference in body size. The duration of gonotrophic period was much shorter in large-bodied females. Fecundity tended to be greater in indoor acclimated females. We also found increased tendency to multiple feeding in outdoors adapted females, which were smaller in size compared to their outdoors breeding counterparts.    Conclusion/Significance  The data presented here suggest that acclimatization of  Ae. aegypti  to the outdoor environment may not decrease its lifespan or gonotrophic activity but rather increase breeding opportunities (increased number of discarded containers outdoors), the rate of larval development, but small body sizes at emergence. Size is likely to be correlated with disease transmission. In general, small size in  Aedes  females will favor increased blood-feeding frequency resulting in higher population sizes and disease occurrence.

Changing Domesticity of Aedes aegypti in Northern Peninsular Malaysia: Reproductive Consequences and Potential Epidemiological Implications