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Transcriptional regulation of LMW glutenin genes were investigated  in-silico , using publicly available gene sequences and expression data. Genes were grouped into different LMW glutenin types and their promoter profiles were determined using  cis -acting regulatory elements databases and published results. The various  cis -acting elements belong to some conserved non-coding regulatory regions (CREs) and might act in two different ways. There are elements, such as GCN4 motifs found in the long endosperm box that could serve as key factors in tissue-specific expression. Some other elements, such as the  AACA / TA  motifs or the individual prolamin box variants, might modulate the level of expression. Based on the promoter sequences and expression characteristic LMW glutenin genes might be transcribed following two different mechanisms. Most of the s- and i-type genes show a continuously increasing expression pattern. The m-type genes, however, demonstrate normal distribution in their expression profiles. Differences observed in their expression could be related to the differences found in their promoter sequences. Polymorphisms in the number and combination of  cis -acting elements in their promoter regions can be of crucial importance in the diverse levels of production of single LMW glutenin gene types.

Role of Conserved Non-Coding Regulatory Elements in LMW Glutenin Gene Expression