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Background  The regulation of ribosomal proteins in plants under stress conditions has not been well studied. Although a few reports have shown stress-specific post-transcriptional and translational mechanisms involved in downregulation of ribosomal proteins yet stress-responsive transcriptional regulation of ribosomal proteins is largely unknown in plants.    Methodology/Principal Findings  In the present work, transcriptional regulation of genes encoding rice 60S ribosomal protein L32 (rpL32) in response to salt stress has been studied. Northern and RT-PCR analyses showed a significant downregulation of  rpL32  transcripts under abiotic stress conditions in rice. Of the four  rpL32  genes in rice genome, the gene on chromosome 8 ( rpL32_8.1 ) showed a higher degree of stress-responsive downregulation in salt sensitive rice variety than in tolerant one and its expression reverted to its original level upon withdrawal of stress. The nuclear run-on and promoter:reporter assays revealed that the downregulation of this gene is transcriptional and originates within the promoter region. Using  in vivo  footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA),  cis -elements in the promoter of  rpL32_8.1  showing reduced binding to proteins in shoots of salt stressed rice seedlings were identified.    Conclusions  The present work is one of the few reports on study of stress downregulated genes. The data revealed that  rpL32  gene is transcriptionally downregulated under abiotic stress in rice and that this transcriptional downregulation is associated with the removal of transcription factors from specific promoter elements.

Transcriptional Downregulation of Rice rpL32 Gene under Abiotic Stress Is Associated with Removal of Transcription Factors within the Promoter Region